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Contents
Foreword
The COPD-X guidelines
Levels of evidence
Summary of the COPD-X guidelines
Confirm
diagnosis &
assess severity
Optimise function
Prevent deterioration
Develop support network
Manage eXacerbations
Appendices
References
References reviewed but not cited
Contents
Contents
Authors and contributors
Contents
Foreword
The COPD guidelines
Levels of evidence
Summary of the COPDX guidelines
C: Confirm diagnosis and assess severity
Aetiology and natural history
Diagnosis
History
Physical examination
Spirometry
Flow volume tests
Assessing the severity of COPD
Assessing acute response to bronchodilators
Confirm or exclude asthma
Specialist referral
Complex lung function tests
Exercise testing
Sleep studies
Chest x-rays
High resolution computed tomography
Ventilation and perfusion scans
Transcutaneous oxygen saturation
Arterial blood gas measurement
Sputum examination
Haematology and biochemistry
Electrocardiography and echocardiography
O: Optimise function
Symptom relief
Inhaled bronchodilators
Long-acting bronchodilators
Theophyllines
Assessment of response and continuation of bronchodilator therapy
Short-course oral glucocorticoids
Combination inhaled glucocorticoid/long-acting bronchodilator therapy
Optimise inhaler technique
Surgery
Bullectomy
Lung volume reduction surgery
Lung transplantation
Identify and treat aggravating factors
Sleep apnoea, hypoventilation and hypoxaemia
Gastro-oesophageal reflux
Aspiration
Alcohol and sedatives
Hypoxaemia and pulmonary hypertension
Osteoporosis
Improve function
Pulmonary rehabilitation
Exercise training
Patient education
Psychosocial support
Comprehensive integrated rehabilitation
Chest physiotherapy
Weight management and nutrition
P: Prevent deterioration
Risk factor reduction
Smoking cessation
Influenza vaccination
Pneumococcal vaccination
Haemophilus influenzae vaccination
Antibiotics
Anticholinergics
Glucocorticoids
Mucolytic agents
Regular review
Oxygen therapy
Fitness to fly
D: Develop support network and self-management plan
Pulmonary rehabilitation
Support team
General practitioner
Nurse/respiratory educator
Physiotherapist
Occupational therapist
Social worker
Clinical psychologist
Speech pathologist/therapist
Pharmacist
Dietitian
Non-medical care agencies
Multidisciplinary care plans
Self-management plans
Maintenance therapy
Exacerbations and crises
Treat anxiety and depression
Referral to a support group
End-of-life issues
X: Manage eXacerbations
Home management
COPD acute exacerbation plan
Initial assessment of severity
Optimise treatment
Refer appropriately
Controlled oxygen delivery
Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation
Invasive ventilation (intubation)
Clearance of secretions
Monitor and review
Pulmonary rehabilitation
Discharge planning
Support after discharge
Clinical review and follow-up
Appendices
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
Appendix 4
Initiating oxygen therapy
What the patient needs to know
Review
Dangers
Choosing the right method
References
References 1 - 50
References 51 - 100
References 101 - 150
References 151 - 200
References 201 - 251
References 251 - 271
References reviewed but not cited
Content last updated:
March 14, 2008
Page last updated:
March 14, 2008
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